Let me start this article by telling you that the market square is typically the lifeblood of any city, and Krakow’s Market Square is no exception. You see, very few places in Poland can stand toe-to-toe with it, both in terms of size and the vibrant, fascinating appeal it brings. This spot, humming with life and color, is a constant magnet for tourists. So, let’s dive in a little deeper to understand its charm.
Krakow’s Market Square History – Stepping Back into Time
The Krakow Market Square holds the prestigious title of being the biggest medieval market square across Europe, with roots traced back to the 13th century. It was initially carved out for merchants, both local and from afar, providing a substantial space for their trading activities.
Now, if you want a hint of royalty, let me tell you now, it is where the Royal Route cut across, a path frequented by the king and his followers during grand entries, coronations, and even funeral processions.
But it is worth to say, this square was more than just trade and royal parades. Picture public torture and death sentences being enacted, the initiation of the Kościuszko Insurrection, a grand ball thrown in Napoleon’s honor, and even the Spring of Nations. An array of historical events, both grisly and grand, played out right in this square.
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How to Find Best Place to Stay in Krakow Old Town – Your Guide
Splendor Surrounding the Main Market Square
The Main Market Square is adorned with age-old tenements and palaces. Among them, you’ll find the Historical Museum of the City of Krakow and the International Cultural Centre, and not to forget, an array of famous shops and restaurants.
Key Historical Moments at the Main Market Square
The Main Market Square in Krakow was also the backdrop for many significant Polish historical moments. I think, from the Renaissance and early Baroque periods, this was where majestic royal ingresses, king’s homage, triumphs, and parades were held.
Just to give you a snapshot:
- On April 10, 1525, Prince Albrecht Hohenzollern of Prussia paid homage to King Polish Sigismund I right here.
- It was the stage for a military oath of allegiance to the constitution of May 3 (1791).
- Tadeusz Kościuszko, the Supreme Commander of the National Armed Forces, took his oath of office to the Nation on March 24, 1794, marking the start of the uprising.
- The square even witnessed the entry of Prince J. Poniatowski and the occupation of the retreat by the Polish army in 1809.
- And yes, those balls in the Cloth Hall in honor of Napoleon? They happened here too.
So, when you’re there, remember that you’re standing in a place that echoes centuries of history, of grand celebrations, and significant historical events of the First Polish Republic.
Market Square Events in Krakow
Regardless of when you decide to visit Krakow, there’s always something exciting happening at the Market Square. Believe me when I say, every month brings its unique flavor of fun! Let’s take a quick peek at the yearly highlghts:
- January: Join the concert finale of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.
- March: Bask in the festive spirit of the Easter fair.
- April: Watch the Cracovia Marathon runners sprinting across the square.
- May: Experience the student vibe during their time of celebration.
- June: Partake in the Lajkonik Parade, the Dragon Parade, and the Fowler King’s enthronement.
- July: Soak in the artistry of theatre during the International Street Theatre Festival, and tap your feet to the Summer Jazz Festival at Piwnica pod Baranami.
- August: Grace the Court Dance Festival and the International Folk Art Fair.
The months that follow are a tad quieter, offering a breather, until the market jolts back to life with the onset of December. That’s when the Christmas markets and the nativity scene competition steal the show.
Market Square Attractions in Krakow
Even without these events, Krakow’s Market Square has loads to offer. The key is to know what to look out for.
Cloth Hall on the Market Square
I think it’s worth saying that you can’t discuss the Market Square without mentioning the Cloth Hall. Originating as a place for merchants to set up their stalls—predominantly selling cloth—it lent its name to this historical spot.
The original Cloth Hall was quite different from what you see today, comprising two rows of stone stalls with a street running in between. But, boy, did it attract crowds.
Trade at the Cloth Hall was so profitable that it contributed a significant chunk to the city’s income. This drew the attention of King Casimir the Great, who decided to spruce up its look. The new brick building bore a similar layout but boasted a trendy Gothic style.
However, when a fire razed the Cloth Hall in 1555, it was reconstructed, sticking to the old plan but with a Renaissance makeover. And it’s this very Cloth Hall you see today. Make sure to look up and take in the beautifully ornate mascarons adorning its top.
But don’t just admire it from the outside. Step inside to discover an impressive exhibition that guides you through the art of enlightenment, romanticism, academism, realism, impressionism, and symbolism.
Particularly emphasizing Polish art, this display is a must-visit, even for those not too familiar with the world of art. It helps you appreciate the nuances distinguishing these different artistic trends.
St. Mary’s Church in Krakow
At the heart of Krakow sits the iconic St. Mary’s Church. This Gothic masterpiece is a curious blend of the traditional and the unusual. I can tell you that it has three naves but then it surprises you with its two unequal towers. The northern one, measuring 82 meters, is known as Hejnalica. The southern sibling, a tad shorter at 69 meters, comes with its own tale.
Legend spins a tragic yarn about the brothers who were hired to build these towers. As the elder brother’s tower outgrew the other, jealousy nudged the younger brother to murder.
The alleged weapon, a knife, is said to still be visible in the gate of the Cloth Hall. Unable to bear the guilt, the younger brother flung himself off his tower.
But the grim tales of the north tower don’t end there. It was also home to the Krakow trumpeter, who had the duty of warning the city of impending threats. As he played the bugle call (known today as the St. Mary’s Hejnał) one fateful day, he was struck by a Tatar arrow.
Now, you can hear the melody played every hour from the tower, which abruptly stops to honor the fallen trumpeter. If you’re wandering around the Krakow Market Square, you’ll likely hear it a few times.
A visit to St. Mary’s Church is a must. Inside, it harbors priceles treasures, including the beautifully ornate Baroque altar by Veit Stoss—one of the most recognized altars in Poland. And if you’re game for a panoramic view of the city, climb up the tower. Check out our dedicated article on St. Mary’s Church for more details.
Krakow’s Market Square Undergrounds
If you need a little change in scenery, I recommend heading underground. It’s like stepping back in time, unveiling a rich slice of the city’s history. You’ll find a plethora of artifacts from the past, including coins, tools, figurines, medallions, and whatnot.
For a more immersive experience, watch the history unfold in special cinema rooms featuring insightful projections. The exhibits relate to the trading practices and everyday lives of former residents, offering a captivating peek into Krakow’s bygone era.
Krakow’s Town Hall Tower
Once you’ve had your fill of underground exploration, it’s time to ascend again. The Gothic Town Hall Tower is your next stop. It’s the lone survivor of the town hall – Krakow’s old administrative hub.
Although not as tall as Hejnalica at 70 meters, it gives you an awe-inspiring view of the city. Don’t rush through the entrance – take a moment to examine the tower’s unique clock mechanism.
But the tower isn’t all about the summit; it’s cellar houses the Stage Under the Town Hall, a part of the People’s Theatre. Maybe catch a performance after your sightseeing tour?
The Enigmatic Head of Eros
Now, if you want a break from all the climbing and are looking for a perfect photo op, I suggest you hunt down the Head of Eros. This piece by Polish artist Igor Mitoraj is a favorite among Instagram users. 'Eros’, the Greek god of love, and 'Bendato’, Italian for 'fettered’, make up this fascinating sculpture. What does it mean? That’s up to you to decide!
Adam Mickiewicz’s Monument
Another noteworthy spot in the Krakow Market Square is Adam Mickiewicz’s monument. It’s arguably the most photographed statue in Krakow. Locals lovingly call it „Adaś„. It’s not just a sightseeing spot; it’s a popular meet-up point. And if you’re facing a big exam, legend says hopping around the monument on one leg will bring you the grade you desire!
St. Adalbert’s Church – The Petite Charm
Don’t be fooled by the size of St. Adalbert’s Church. It might be dwarfed by the surrounding buildings, but it’s brimming with charm in its own right. Representing the Baroque style, this church is steeped in history, with St. Adalbert once preaching here.
The church’s interior is notably different from its neighboring St. Mary’s Church—you’ll want to take a look inside, even if it’s just for the dome.
Palace and Cellar „Pod Baranami”
Located at No. 27, you’ll find the Palace and Cellar „pod Baranami”. Why the name, you ask? Legend has it, this place was once an inn that sold rams. The inn may be gone, but a beautiful tenement house remains. It’s welcomed many eminent guests, like Prince Józef Poniatowski, Duke of Warsaw Frederick August, and Emperor Franz Joseph I.
These days, its basement is the hub of Polish jazz, hosting the Summer Jazz Festival annually. And for over six decades, it’s been home to the elegantly-named cabaret „Piwnica pod Baranami”.
References:
- https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rynek_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_w_Krakowie
- https://www.krakow.pl/multimedialny_krakow/3222,artykul,rynek_glowny__od_strony_ul__brackiej_.html
- http://www.krakow-info.com/rynek.htm
